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A law that encourages market competition by prohibiting firms from gaining or exercising excessive market power is


A) a patent.
B) impossible to enforce.
C) an antitrust law.
D) an externality law.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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As a group, oligopolists would always be better off if they would act collectively


A) as if they were each seeking to maximize their own individual profits.
B) in a manner that would prohibit collusive agreements.
C) as a single monopolist.
D) as a single perfectly competitive firm.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Scenario 17-6 Assume that a local telecommunications company sells high speed internet access and cable television. The company's only two customers are Taylor and Tim. Taylor is willing to pay $50 per month for high speed internet access and $50 per month for cable television. Tim is willing to pay only $20 per month for high speed internet access, but is willing to pay $70 per month for cable television. Assume that the telecommunications company can provide each of these products at zero marginal cost. -Refer to Scenario 17-6. If the telecommunications company is unable to use tying, what is the profit-maximizing price to charge for cable television?

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Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost. Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s)  incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost.   -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly two sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely? A) Each seller will sell 50 gallons and charge a price of $7. B) Each seller will sell 75 gallons and charge a price of $2.50. C) Each seller will sell 75 gallons and charge a price of $5. D) Each seller will sell 100 gallons and charge a price of $4. -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly two sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely?


A) Each seller will sell 50 gallons and charge a price of $7.
B) Each seller will sell 75 gallons and charge a price of $2.50.
C) Each seller will sell 75 gallons and charge a price of $5.
D) Each seller will sell 100 gallons and charge a price of $4.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If a certain market were a monopoly, then the monopolist would maximize its profit by producing 4,000 units of output. If, instead, that market were a duopoly, then which of the following outcomes would be most likely if the duopolists successfully collude?


A) Each duopolist produces 4,000 units of output.
B) Each duopolist produces 1,500 units of output.
C) One duopolist produces 2,400 units of output and the other produces 1,600 units of output.
D) One duopolist produces 3,000 units of output and the other produces 1,500 units of output.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below. Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below.   -Refer to Table 17-6. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Kunal and Naj from operating as a monopolist. What will quantity of water will each of them produce once the Nash equilibrium is reached? A) Each will produce 50 gallons, for a total of 100 gallons. B) Each will produce 75 gallons, for a total of 150 gallons. C) Each will produce 100 gallons, for a total of 200 gallons. D) Each will produce 125 gallons, for a total of 250 gallons. -Refer to Table 17-6. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Kunal and Naj from operating as a monopolist. What will quantity of water will each of them produce once the Nash equilibrium is reached?


A) Each will produce 50 gallons, for a total of 100 gallons.
B) Each will produce 75 gallons, for a total of 150 gallons.
C) Each will produce 100 gallons, for a total of 200 gallons.
D) Each will produce 125 gallons, for a total of 250 gallons.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Table 17-21 The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other. John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other, but they also have a personal, competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest. The payoff table for this situation is provided below. The payoffs are shown as (John, Paul) . Table 17-21 The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other. John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other, but they also have a personal, competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest. The payoff table for this situation is provided below. The payoffs are shown as (John, Paul) .   -Refer to Table 17-21. If Paul chooses Drive Straight, what will John choose to do and what will John's payoff equal? A) Turn, 5 B) Drive Straight, 0 C) Turn, 20 D) Drive Straight, 5 -Refer to Table 17-21. If Paul chooses Drive Straight, what will John choose to do and what will John's payoff equal?


A) Turn, 5
B) Drive Straight, 0
C) Turn, 20
D) Drive Straight, 5

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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If the members of an oligopoly could agree on a total quantity to produce and a price to charge, what quantity and price would they choose? Will this choice represent a Nash equilibrium?

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the monopoly quantity and price; no beca...

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Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B) are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states. Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B)  are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states.   -Refer to Table 17-26. If both firms follow a dominant strategy, Firm A's profits (losses)  will be A) $-12m B) $-24m C) $-60m D) $-100m -Refer to Table 17-26. If both firms follow a dominant strategy, Firm A's profits (losses) will be


A) $-12m
B) $-24m
C) $-60m
D) $-100m

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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As the number of firms in an oligopoly industry increases, the market moves closer to a __________ market.

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Any market that is served by an oligopoly is in effect served by a monopoly.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose that two poker players believe that they are superior players to the rest of the people at their table. Further suppose that the two players make an agreement to concede hands to each other in order to drive the other players from the game first. Economists would model such behavior as


A) monopolistic competition.
B) game theory.
C) predatory pricing.
D) a dominant strategy.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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An equilibrium occurs in a game when


A) price equals marginal cost.
B) quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.
C) all independent strategies counterbalance all dominant strategies.
D) all players follow a strategy that they have no incentive to change.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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If firms in an oligopoly agree to produce according to the monopoly outcome, they will produce the same level of output as they would produce in a Nash equilibrium.

A) True
B) False

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The simplest type of oligopoly is


A) monopoly.
B) duopoly.
C) monopolistic competition.
D) oligopolistic competition.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 17-3. ​ Consider two countries, Kinglandia and Rovinastan, that are engaged in an arms race. Each country must decide whether to build new weapons or to disarm existing weapons. Each country prefers to have more arms than the other because a large arsenal gives it more influence in world affairs. But each country also prefers to live in a world safe from the other country's weapons. The following table shows the possible outcomes for each decision combination. The numbers in each cell represent the country's ranking of the outcome (10 = best outcome, 1 = worst outcome) . Scenario 17-3. ​ Consider two countries, Kinglandia and Rovinastan, that are engaged in an arms race. Each country must decide whether to build new weapons or to disarm existing weapons. Each country prefers to have more arms than the other because a large arsenal gives it more influence in world affairs. But each country also prefers to live in a world safe from the other country's weapons. The following table shows the possible outcomes for each decision combination. The numbers in each cell represent the country's ranking of the outcome (10 = best outcome, 1 = worst outcome) .   -Refer to Scenario 17-3. Building new weapons is a dominant strategy for A) Kinglandia, but not for Rovinastan. B) Rovinastan, but not for Kinglandia. C) both Kinglandia and Rovinastan. D) neither Kinglandia nor Rovinastan. -Refer to Scenario 17-3. Building new weapons is a dominant strategy for


A) Kinglandia, but not for Rovinastan.
B) Rovinastan, but not for Kinglandia.
C) both Kinglandia and Rovinastan.
D) neither Kinglandia nor Rovinastan.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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What happens when the prisoners' dilemma game is repeated numerous times in an oligopoly market? (i) The firms may well reach the monopoly outcome.(ii) The firms may well reach the competitive outcome.(iii) Buyers of the oligopolists' product will likely be worse off as a result.


A) (i) and (ii)
B) (ii) and (iii)
C) (i) and (iii)
D) (i) , (ii) , and (iii)

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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As a group, oligopolists would always earn the highest profit if they would


A) produce the perfectly competitive quantity of output.
B) produce more than the perfectly competitive quantity of output.
C) charge the same price that a monopolist would charge if the market were a monopoly.
D) operate according to their own individual self-interests.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Predatory pricing occurs when a firm


A) exercises its oligopoly power by raising its price through the formation of a cartel.
B) exercises its monopoly power by raising its price.
C) cuts its prices in order make itself more competitive.
D) cuts its prices temporarily in order to drive out any competition.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Resale price maintenance involves a firm


A) colluding with another firm to restrict output and raise prices.
B) selling two individual products together for a single price rather than selling each product individually at separate prices.
C) temporarily cutting the price of its product to drive a competitor out of the market.
D) requiring that the firm reselling its product do so at a specified price.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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