Question 1

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A)   the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation.
B)   the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult.
C)   the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage.
D)   the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation.
E)   None of these reasons is correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Beta decay
B)   Fission reaction
C)   Fusion reaction
D)   Alpha decay
E)   Positron emissionF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power plants

Accepted Answer

A)   form numerous radioactive fission products.
B)   do not pollute the air with SO2, soot, and fly-ash.
C)   produce more thermal pollution than coal plants.
D)   use more fuel.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gamma particle
B)   Alpha particle
C)   Positron
D)   Beta particle
E)   None of the answers is correct.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

Accepted Answer

A)   3.0 × 10-2
B)   0.20
C)   3.5
D)   0.33
E)   0.29F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If a captured electron combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron, what happens to the atomic number and the mass number?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number de...

Question 8

How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using 14C dating?

Accepted Answer

A)   5730 years
B)   30,000 years
C)   60,000 years
D)   10,000 years
E)   There is no limit to how old an object can be.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction  ?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

A)   (18O) 
B)   (131I) 
C)   (123I) 
D)   (24Na) 
E)   (99Tc) F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238. Of these, the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nuclear transmutation
B)   Protonation
C)   Nucleation
D)   Nuclear condensation
E)   RadioactivityF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

Accepted Answer

A)   zero
B)   1/6
C)   1/16
D)   1/32
E)   1/64F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay. If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute, what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

Accepted Answer

A)   4.38 × 10-2 yr
B)   11.4 yr
C)   0.25 yr
D)   15.8 yr
E)   9.1 yrF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Pb → ? + 204Hg

Accepted Answer

A)   Gamma particle
B)   Alpha particle
C)   Proton
D)   Beta particle
E)   PositronF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is used to image the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   (18O) 
B)   (131I) 
C)   (123I) 
D)   (24Na) 
E)   (99Tc) F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0:  t = 25.0 s:  Which diagram best represents the sample at t = 50.0 s?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

An alpha particle is a helium atom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr. How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

Accepted Answer

A)   9.0 × 1016 atoms
B)   4.3 × 10-4 atoms
C)   2.2 × 1018 atoms
D)   2.5 × 1014 atoms
E)   1.7 × 1014 atomsF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation. 26 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  A)  8.78 × 1014 J/mol B)  7.2 × 1014 J/mol C)  8.76 × 1011 J/mol D)  -9.75 × 10-3 J/mol E)  1.46 × 10-9 J/mol" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 26 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  A)  8.78 × 1014 J/mol B)  7.2 × 1014 J/mol C)  8.76 × 1011 J/mol D)  -9.75 × 10-3 J/mol E)  1.46 × 10-9 J/mol" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)   8.78 × 1014 J/mol
B)   7.2 × 1014 J/mol
C)   8.76 × 1011 J/mol
D)   -9.75 × 10-3 J/mol
E)   1.46 × 10-9 J/molF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Pb → ? + 204Hg

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a captured electron combines with a proton in the nucleus to form a neutron, what happens to the atomic number and the mass number?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe atomic number de...View AnswerShow Answer

How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using 14C dating?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238. Of these, the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay. If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute, what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr. How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation. (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to image the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: Which diagram best represents the sample at t = 50.0 s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of nuclear power plants over coal-burning plants? Nuclear power plants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An alpha particle is a helium atom.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Pb → ? + ²⁰⁴Hg

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The atomic number de...
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How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using ¹⁴C dating?

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Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 10¹⁰ yr. How many ⁸⁷Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

Correct Answer
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Calculate the energy released in joules when one mole of polonium-214 decays according to the following equation. (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)

Correct Answer
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The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

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