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Shafts of hair are composed of


A) living dermal cells.
B) dead epidermal cells.
C) living epidermal cells.
D) dead dermal cells.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Skin cancer is most likely to develop from


A) pigmented epithelial cells.
B) pigmented melanocytes.
C) nonpigmented epithelial cells.
D) nonpigmented melanocytes.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Body heat is lost primarily by


A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation?


A) Massaging the skin
B) Eating foods rich in protein
C) Providing adequate fluid intake
D) Maintaining one body position

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.

A) True
B) False

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Skin cells play an important role in producing


A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Reddened skin reflects


A) dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis.
B) eating too many carrots.
C) inheriting extra melanin.
D) constricted blood vessels with more blood entering the epidermis.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The nerve fibers in the dermis stimulate


A) blood vessels in the epidermis.
B) muscles and glands in the dermis.
C) melanocytes in the epidermis.
D) fat cells in the subcutaneous layer.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. They are wrong because


A) the prints arise from the subcutaneous layer, which is not destroyed.
B) the prints arise from friction ridges of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
C) the epidermis will regrow the friction ridges in a day.
D) the friction ridges will not grow back in the same pattern.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Acne is a disorder of the


A) sweat glands.
B) hair follicles.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) apocrine glands.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the


A) forehead.
B) axilla.
C) neck.
D) palms of the hands.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop


A) fatigue and dizziness.
B) heat exhaustion.
C) headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D) all of the above.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Superficial blood vessels in the dermis dilate and sweat glands become active in the body's effort to ____________ body temperature.

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The amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization determines hair color.

A) True
B) False

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In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.


A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum basale

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

A) True
B) False

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Inflammation makes skin


A) red, swollen and painful to touch.
B) cool and clammy.
C) secrete abundant antibodies.
D) peel off.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The deepest cells of the epidermis make up the stratum ____________.

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The human integumentary system includes


A) skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
B) the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
C) bones and muscles.
D) only one type of tissue.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Melanocytes transfer melanin granules to


A) mast cells.
B) nearby keratinocytes.
C) macrophages.
D) the subcutaneous layer.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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