Question 1

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences ___________ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences ____________ as the sequences lengthen

Accepted Answer

A)   Shorten, shorten
B)   Shorten, lengthen
C)   Lengthen, shorten
D)   Lengthen, lengthenE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Based on Nikolai Bernstein's views of skill acquisition, one would expect

Accepted Answer

A)   Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked early in practice and unlocked later in practice
B)   Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked early in practice and locked later in practice
C)   Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked forever
D)   Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked foreverE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The response chaining theory of sequencing has the following problem or problems

Accepted Answer

A)   Successive movements often occur too quickly for any one movement to be elicited by sensory feedback from the preceding movement.
B)   The same output can be followed by different outputs on different occasions.
C)   Interrupting sensory feedback does not always interrupt movement.
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Mental imagery can contribute to skill acquisition. This outcome is best accounted for with

Accepted Answer

A)   The Power Law of Learning
B)   Response chaining theory
C)   Hierarchical learning theory
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

A skilled tennis player who has never skated will probably learn to play squash a tennis-like sport)  more quickly than a skilled skater who has never played tennis. This outcome is predicted by the theory of

Accepted Answer

A)   Schemas
B)   Generalized programs
C)   a and b
D)   None of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Whereas the response chaining theory of sequencing says that feedback from one response triggers the next response or a later response) , the element-to-position theory of sequencing says that

Accepted Answer

A)   Each response sequence is an element of the series of response sequences that an organism performs in its lifetime
B)   Each response is associated with all the sequences of which it is a part
C)   Each response in a sequence is associated with a serial position in that sequence
D)   Each response in a sequence is associated with a chemical elementE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Specificity of practice
B)   Generality of practice
C)   Closing the loop
D)   ChunkingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)   Automatic, associative, cognitive
B)   Associative, automatic, cognitive
C)   Cognitive, automatic, associative
D)   Cognitive, associative, automaticE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that

Accepted Answer

A)   Successive movement sequences that are similar can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are different
B)   Successive movement sequences that are different can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are similar
C)   The brain is similar to a computer
D)   The brain is different from a computerE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Directing a great deal of attention to a task

Accepted Answer

A)   Tends to help it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice
B)   Tends to help it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice
C)   Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice
D)   Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to help it late in practiceE) All of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 11

According to the inter-element inhibition theory of sequencing

Accepted Answer

A)   The first response in a sequence inhibits the most other responses in the sequence
B)   The last response in a sequence receives the most inhibition of all the responses in the sequence
C)   Each response inhibits itself once it is triggered
D)   All of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

According to the Power Law of Learning,

Accepted Answer

A)   The rate of improvement on a task increases with practice
B)   The rate of improvement on a task decreases with practice
C)   The rate of improvement on a task increases as the learner gains power
D)   The rate of improvement on a task decreases as the learner gains powerE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Ideo-motor theory says

Accepted Answer

A)   Motor behavior and ideas are separate
B)   Motor behavior and ideas identical
C)   Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play a role in initiating those actions
D)   Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play no role in initiating those actionsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above C

Question 14

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle
B)   Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4
C)   Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4
D)   None of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Buffers hold information

Accepted Answer

A)   For more time than short-term memory does
B)   For more time than long-term memory does
C)   For less time than long-term memory does
D)   For the same amount of time that short-term memory does and that long-term memory doesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action

Accepted Answer

A)   Before relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
B)   After relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
C)   When the relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
D)   This experiment has never been doneE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

A patient whose left and right hippocampus were surgically removed

Accepted Answer

A)   Did not improve on mirror tracing and did not recognize the person who administered the tests
B)   Did improve on mirror tracing but did not recognize the person who administered the tests
C)   Did improve on mirror tracing and did recognize the person who administered the tests
D)   Did not improve on mirror tracing but did recognize the person who administered the testsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Memory codes are

Accepted Answer

A)   Sequences of dots and dashes that form chunks
B)   Sequences of dots and dashes that never form chunks, so they remain forever expressed in a mysterious code
C)   Distinct forms of representation such as sounds, sights, or smells associated with memories
D)   Rules for imitationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 19

The hierarchical theory of sequencing provides a basis for explaining which phenomenon that the response chaining theory, element-to-position theory, and inter-element inhibition theory do not?

Accepted Answer

A)   Supervisory behavior
B)   Slavish behavior
C)   Rule-governed behavior
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)   There are many ways that behavior can get out of control
B)   There are many ways that behavior can unfold
C)   There are many ways to fold a piece of paper
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 4: Psychological Foundations

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences ___________ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences ____________ as the sequences lengthen

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on Nikolai Bernstein's views of skill acquisition, one would expect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The response chaining theory of sequencing has the following problem or problems

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mental imagery can contribute to skill acquisition. This outcome is best accounted for with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A skilled tennis player who has never skated will probably learn to play squash a tennis-like sport) more quickly than a skilled skater who has never played tennis. This outcome is predicted by the theory of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas the response chaining theory of sequencing says that feedback from one response triggers the next response or a later response) , the element-to-position theory of sequencing says that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Directing a great deal of attention to a task

Correct AnswerverifiedB

According to the inter-element inhibition theory of sequencing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Power Law of Learning,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ideo-motor theory says

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Buffers hold information

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient whose left and right hippocampus were surgically removed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memory codes are

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The hierarchical theory of sequencing provides a basis for explaining which phenomenon that the response chaining theory, element-to-position theory, and inter-element inhibition theory do not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences _ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences __ as the sequences lengthen

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B

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C

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___.

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C

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