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Which of the following definitions best describes the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP's) ?


A) PAMP's are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by the host organisms immune system.
B) PAMP's are molecules on a host cell that can be recognized by the pathogen's attack system.
C) PAMP's are molecules on the host immune system that cause it to attack itself as in autoimmune disorders.
D) PAMP's are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by other pathogens so they can exchange genetic material with each other.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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_____________ are of the same type since they are derived from the same B cell and are against a specific antigen.


A) Monoclonal antibodies
B) Agglutination factors
C) Autoimmune agents
D) Immunosuppressant agents
E) Allergen antibodies

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which kind of T cell is most important in the removal of cancer cells or virally infected cells from the body?


A) helper T cells
B) cytotoxic T cells
C) suppressor T cells
D) memory T cells

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Innate immunity is more likely to play a role in defending the body against which of the following invaders?


A) microbial pathogens
B) small pox virus
C) chicken pox
D) measles

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Cytokinines


A) are soluble proteins that act as signaling molecules to stimulate white blood cells.
B) are secreted by macrophages to stimulate the replication of cancer cells.
C) repel neutrophils from the site of infection.
D) inhibit production of T and B cells.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Compare the primary and secondary antibody titre responses during immunization by drawing a graph of "Plasma Antibody Concentration" vs. "Time." Indicate on the graph the time of first and second exposure. The y-axis may be quantified as low to high and need not report specific number quantities.

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A primary response occurs after the firs...

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The first line of defense against invading microorganisms is nonspecific.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following characterize B cells?


A) They function in antibody mediated immunity against bacteria.
B) They directly recognize antigens and undergo clonal selection.
C) They are manufactured and mature in the bone marrow.
D) All of the choices characterize B cells.
E) None of the choices characterize B cells.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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All of the following are outward signs of inflammation EXCEPT


A) redness.
B) swelling.
C) pain.
D) lower temperature.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following organisms is helping scientists better understand the evolution of the immune system because they have a unique feature during their lifecycle?


A) cellular slime molds
B) B cells
C) archaea
D) planaria
E) viruses

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The lymphoid organ in which B lymphocytes are produced is the


A) red bone marrow.
B) lymph nodes.
C) spleen.
D) thymus gland.
E) All of these produce B lymphocytes.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following substances have not been identified as a PAMP?


A) double-stranded DNA
B) double-stranded RNA
C) carbohydrates on the cell walls of bacteria
D) lipids on the cell walls of bacteria
E) proteins on the cell wall of bacteria

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following symptoms can help you recognize a person who is undergoing anaphylactic shock?


A) Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure, increased dilation of the capillaries, constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
B) A gradual allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure, increased dilation of the capillaries, constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
C) Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: an increase in blood pressure, increased dilation of the capillaries, constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
D) Immediate allergic response after a person is exposed to the allergen that can produce the following symptoms: drop in blood pressure, decreased dilation of the capillaries, constriction of the bronchi and the inability to breathe.
E) None of these are the symptoms of a person undergoing anaphylactic shock.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT


A) absorbing excess tissue fluids and returning them to the bloodstream.
B) transporting gases, nutrients, and metabolic wastes to parts of the body which have exchange boundaries with the external environment.
C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.
D) defending the body against pathogens.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Maturation of T cells occurs in the


A) bone marrow.
B) lymph nodes.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) Peyer's patches.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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The activities of macrophages


A) are part of the nonspecific response against disease.
B) stimulate lymphocytes to carry on specific immunity.
C) stimulate phagocytic neutrophils.
D) do none of these things.
E) are part of the nonspecific response against disease and stimulate phagocytic neutrophils.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The problem with tissue rejection following organ transplants


A) is due to the tissues being recognized as nonself, and therefore being treated as a foreign substance.
B) can be reduced if the organ donor is a close relative with very similar tissue proteins.
C) can be reduced by administering immunosuppressive drugs.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of these are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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