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A 1-year oil futures contract is selling for $74.50. Spot oil prices are $68, and the 1-year risk-free rate is 3.25%. The arbitrage profit implied by these prices is ________.


A) $6.50
B) $5.44
C) $4.29
D) $3.25

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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What strategy might a hedge fund use to take advantage of positive alpha in a long equity position?


A) short sell the security with positive alpha
B) leverage and use the proceeds to go long in the alpha security
C) create a neutral position and gain from the alpha value increase
D) reduce reliance on margin

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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You manage a $15 million hedge fund portfolio with beta = 1.2 and alpha = 2% per quarter. Assume the risk-free rate is 2% per quarter and the current value of the S&P 500 Index is 1,200. You want to exploit the positive alpha, but you are afraid that the stock market may fall and you want to hedge your portfolio by selling 3-month S&P 500 future contracts. The S&P contract multiplier is $250. How much is the portfolio expected to be worth 3 months from now?


A) $15,000,000
B) $15,450,000
C) $15,600,000
D) $16,000,000

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Hedge fund managers receive incentive bonuses when they increase portfolio assets beyond a stipulated benchmark but lose nothing when they fail to perform. This is equivalent to ________.


A) writing a call option
B) receiving a free call option
C) writing a put option
D) receiving a free put option

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following typically employ(s) significant amounts of leverage? I. Hedge funds II. Equity mutual funds III. Money market funds IV. Income mutual funds


A) I only
B) I and II only
C) III and IV only
D) I, II, and III only

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following investment styles could be the best description of the Long Term Capital Management market-neutral strategies?


A) convergence arbitrage
B) statistical arbitrage
C) pairs trading
D) convertible arbitrage

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A restriction under which investors cannot withdraw their funds for as long as several months or years is called ________.


A) transparency
B) a lock-up period
C) a back-end load
D) convertible arbitrage

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Assume the risk-free interest rate is 10% and is equal to the fund's benchmark, the portfolio's net asset value is $100, and the fund's standard deviation is 20%. Also assume a time horizon of 1 year. Assuming a 2% management fee and a 20% incentive bonus, what is the expected management compensation per share if the fund's net asset value exceeds the stated benchmark?


A) $4.24
B) $4
C) $3.84
D) $2.20

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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A ________ is a private investment pool open only to wealthy or institutional investors that is exempt from SEC regulation and can therefore pursue more speculative policies than mutual funds.


A) commingled pool
B) unit trust
C) hedge fund
D) money market fund

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Higher returns of equity hedge funds as compared to the S&P 500 Index reflect positive compensation for ________ risk.


A) market
B) liquidity
C) systematic
D) interest rate

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Portfolio A has a beta of .2 and an expected return of 14%. Portfolio B has a beta of .5 and an expected return of 16%. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. If you manage a long-short equity fund and want to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio ________ and a long position in portfolio ________.


A) A; A
B) A; B
C) B; A
D) B; B

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The collapse of the Long Term Capital Management hedge fund in 1998 was a case of an extremely unlikely statistical event called ________.


A) statistical arbitrage
B) an unhedged play
C) a tail event
D) a liquidity trap

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A typical traditional initial investment in a hedge fund generally is in the range between ________ and ________.


A) $1,000; $5,000
B) $5,000; $25,000
C) $25,000; $250,000
D) $500,000; $1,000,000

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A hedge fund owns a $15 million bond portfolio with a modified duration of 11 years and needs to hedge risk, but T-bond futures are available only with a modified duration of the deliverable instrument of 10 years. The futures are priced at $105,000. The proper hedge ratio to use is ________.


A) 143
B) 157
C) 196
D) 218

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Research by Aragon (2007) indicates that lock-up restrictions tend to hold ________ portfolios.


A) less liquid
B) more liquid
C) event-driven
D) shorter-maturity

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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You manage a hedge fund with $300 million in assets. Your fee structure provides for a 1% annual management fee with a 20% incentive on returns over a 12% benchmark. If the fund value, before fees, is $345 million at the end of the year, what is the net return to the investors?


A) 13.33%
B) 13.40%
C) 14.00%
D) 14.42%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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A market neutral hedge fund is likely to have ________.


A) various derivative strategies designed to create stability
B) a low beta compared to other equity only investments
C) a beta well above 1.0 compared to other equity investments
D) a beta near 1.0

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following are not managed investment companies?


A) hedge funds
B) unit investment trusts
C) closed-end funds
D) open-end funds

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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A hedge fund has $150 million in assets at the beginning of the year and 10 million shares outstanding throughout the year. Throughout the year assets grow at 12%. The fund charges a 3% management fee on the assets. The fee is imposed on year-end asset values. What is the end-of-year NAV for the fund?


A) $15
B) $15.60
C) $16.30
D) $17.55

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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You manage a hedge fund with $400 million in assets. Your fee structure provides for a 1% annual management fee with a 20% incentive on returns over an 8% benchmark. If the fund value is $445 million at the end of the year, what is your fee?


A) $2,600,000
B) $4,000,000
C) $6,600,000
D) $8,400,000

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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